{ Then complete … } : a command is given due to the obligation. Al-Shafi'i said: This was stated following the required duty being given, and was specific to it. I know that He (may He be exalted), by mentioning what breaks the fast, designated sexual play [rafth], eating, and drinking, since one is inclined towards these things. But here we have other things that break the fast which are inferred from the verse or can be understood from the sunnah, among them masturbation, since penetration without ejaculation is invalidating, while penetration in the manner of desire takes precedence. And accordingly, ejaculation from touching or kissing without a desirous thought or glance, because this is similar to having a wet dream. According to Malik, ejaculation from looking breaks the fast, and according to Ahmad, if one looks repeatedly until he ejaculates, he has broken the fast.