والقسم الثالث من أحكام هذه الإمارة من أمير الجيش في سياستهم والذي يلزمهم فيهم عشرة أشياء أحدها حراستهم من غرة يظفر بها العدو منهم وذلك بأن يتتبع المكامن فيحفظها عليهم ويحوط سوادهم بحرس يأمنون به على نفوسهم ورحالهم ليسكنوا في وقت الدعة ويأمنوا ما ورائهم في وقت المحاربة … والرابع أن يعرف أخبار عدوه حتى يقف عليها ويتصفح أحواله حتى يخبرها فيسلم من مكره ويلتمس الغرّة في الهجوم عليه … والسادس أن بما يشعرهم من الظفر ويخيل إليهم من أسباب النصر ليقل العدو في أعينهم فيكون عليه أجرأ وبالجراءة يتسهل الظفر قال الله تعالى ﴿ إذ يُريكهم الله في منامك قليلاً ولو أراكم كثيراً لفشِلتم ولتنازعتم في الأمر ﴾ والسابع أن يَعِد أهل الصبر والبلاء منهم بثواب الله لو كانوا من أهل الآخرة وبالجزاء والنفل من الغنيمة إن كانوا من أهل الدنيا قال الله تعالى ﴿ ومن يُرِد ثواب الدنيا نؤته منها ومن يرد ثواب الآخرة نؤته منها ﴾ وثواب الدنيا الغنيمة وثواب الآخرة الجنن فجمع الله تعالى في ترغيبه بين أمرين ليكون أرغب للفريقين
الأحكام السلطانية والولايات الدينية للماوردي الباب الرابع في تقليد الإمارة على الجهاد
The third section of rulings for this position of authority concern the army commander regarding overseeing people with respect to their course of action; he is to attend to them in ten things. One of them is to guard them from negligence by which the enemy might prevail over them, this by paying close attention to ambushes and preserving them from such, surrounding their compound with a guard by which their souls and their gear may rest secure, so that they may be at ease in time of mildness and be secure of their rear in time of combat. … The fourth is that he should be aware of news of his enemy, so that he may take up position against them and survey their situation until he is fully aware of them, so he can be safe from their schemes and seek stealthily to attack them. … The sixth is that he strengthen their spirits by informing them of the victory and evoking to them the reasons for the divine aid, so that the enemy may be reduced in their sight, and so they may be bolder, for by boldness victory is facilitated. Allah Most High said: { Indeed Allah showed them to you in your dreams as small in number, for if He had showed them to you as numerous, you would have lost courage and disputed about the issue } [Al-anfal 43]. The seventh is that he promise Allah’s reward to those of them that are steadfast and brave if they are of those that will belong to the hereafter, and of the reward and the taking of spoils if they are of those that will still be of this world. Allah Most High said: { Whoever desires the reward of this world, We will bring of it to him; and whoever desires the reward of the hereafter, we will bring of it to him } [Al ‘Imran 145]. The reward of this world is the booty, and the reward of the hereafter is Jannah; Allah Most High brought both issues together when He roused desire, so that it might be more desirous to both groups.
Al-Mawardi, Ahkam Al-sultaniya wa Al-wilayat Al-diniyya [Sovereign Rulings and Religious Jurisdictions], Chapter 4: On appointing position of authority (an emirate) over jihad