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قرآن ﴿ ذلك بأن الذين كفروا اتبعوا الباطل وأن الذين آمنوا اتبعوا ألحق من ربهم كذالك يضرب الله للناس أمثالهم فإذا لقيتم الذين كفروا فضرب الرقاب حتى إذا أثخنتموهم فشدوا الوثاق فإما منا بعد وإما فداء حتى تضع الحرب أوزارها ذلك ولو يشاء الله لانتصر منهم ولكن ليبلوا بعضكم ببعض والذين قتلوا في سبيل الله فلن يضل أعمالهم ﴾ محمد ٣-٤

قوله تعالى ﴿ فضرب الرقاب ﴾ إغراء والمعنى فاقتلوهم لأن الأغلب في موضع القتل ضرب العنق ﴿ حتى إذا أثخنتموهم ﴾ أي أكثرتم فيهم القتل … قوله تعالى ﴿ حتى تضع الحرب أوزارها ﴾ قال إبن عباس حتى لا يبقى أحد من المشركين وقال مجاهد حتى لا يكون دين إلا دين الاسلام وقال سعيد بن جبير حتى يخرج المسيح وقال الفراء حتى لا يبقى إلا مسلم أو مسالم وفي معنى الكلام قولان احدهما حتى يضع أهل الحرب سلاحهم … والثاني حتى تضع حربُكم وقتالكم أوزارَ المشركين وقبائح أعمالهم بأن يسلموا ولا يعبدوا إلا الله ذكره الواحد

تفسير إبن الجوزي

{ This is because those who have disbelieved have followed after futility, and because those who have believed have followed the truth from their Lord; thus Allah puts forth to people their parables. So whenever you face those who have disbelieved, strike the necks until you have thoroughly brought them down; and tighten the shackles. Afterwards either an act of kindness or ransom, until the war puts down its burdens. Such it is; and if Allah had willed, He would have avenged Himself of them, but rather that some of you might put others of you to the test. And those who are killed in the cause of Allah – their deeds will not be in vain } Muhammad 3-4

The word of the Most High { Strike the necks } : an urging; the meaning is: Kill them; since the most likely location to kill is to decapitate [darb al-'unuq, striking the neck]. { Until you have thoroughly brought them down } : that is, until you have made ample killing among them … The word of the Most High: { Until the war puts down its burdens } ; Ibn ‘Abbas said: Until none of the Idolaters are left. Mujahid said: Until there is no religion but the religion of Islam. Sa’id ibn Jubair said: Until the Messiah comes. Al-Farra said: Until only Muslims and peaceable people remain. Regarding the meaning of these words there are two points of view; one of them is: Until those waging war have put down their weapons. … The second is: Until your waging of war and fighting have put down the burdens of the Idolaters and the abominations of their deeds, by them yielding into Islam and worshipping only Allah. Al-Wahidi mentioned this.

Tafsir Ibn Al-Jawzi

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