قرآن ﴿ إن الذين يحادون الله ورسوله أولئك في الأذلِّين كتب الله لأغلبنَّ أنا ورسلي إن الله قوي عزيز لا تجد قوماً يؤمنون بالله واليوم الآخر يوادون من حاد الله ورسوله ولو كانوا ابائهم أو ابنائهم أو اخوانهم أو عشيرتهم أولئك كتب في قلوبهم الإيمان وأيدهم بروح منه ويدخلهم جنات تجري تحتها الانهار خالدين فيها رضي الله عنهم ورضوا عنه أولئك حزب الله ألا إن حزب الله هم المفلحون ﴾ المجادلة ٢٠-٢٢
يقول تعالى مخبراً الكفار المعاندين المحادين لله ورسوله يعني الذين هم في حد والشرع في حد أي مجانبون للحق مشاقون له هم في ناحية والهدى في ناحية ﴿ أولئك في الأذلين ﴾ أي في الأشقياء المبعدين المطرودين عن الصواب الأذلين في الدنيا والآخرة ﴿ كتب الله لأغلبن أنا ورسلي ﴾ أي قد حكم وكتب في كتابه الأول وقدره الذي لا يخالف ولا يمانع ولا يبدل بأن النصرة له ولكتابه ورسوله وعباده المؤمنين في الدنيا والآخرة … ﴿ ولو كانوا آباءهم ﴾ نزلت في ابي عبيدة قتل أباه يوم بدر ﴿ أو أبنائهم ﴾ في الصديق همَّ يومئذ بقتل ابنه عبد الرحمن ﴿ أو اخوانهم ﴾ في مصعب بن عمير قتل أخاه عبيد بن عمير يومئذ ﴿ أو عشيرتهم ﴾ في عمر قتل قريباً له يومئذ أيضاً وفي حمزة وعلي وعبيدة بن الحارث قتلوا عتبة وشيبة والوليد بن عتبة يومئذ فالله أعلم قلت ومن هذا القبيل حين إستشار رسول الله المسلمين في أسارى بدر فأشار الصديق بأن يفادوا فيكون ما يؤخذ منهم قوة للمسلمين وهم بنو العم والعشيرة ولعل الله تعالى أن يهديهم وقال عمر لا أرى ما رأى يا رسول الله هل تمكنني من فلان قريب لعمر فأقتله وتمكن علياً من عقيل وتمكن فلاناً من فلان ليعلم الله أنه ليست في قلوبنا موادة للمشركين
تفسير إبن كثير
{ Indeed those who oppose Allah and His Messenger – they are among the most miserable. Allah has decreed: “Surely I will overcome, me and my messengers”; indeed Allah is strong, mighty. You will not find people who believe in Allah and the last day to be affectionate towards anyone who opposes Allah and His Messenger, even if they are their fathers, or their sons, or their brothers, or their kinsfolk; These – He has written belief upon their hearts, and He upholds them with a spirit of His; and He will admit them into gardens below which rivers flow, there for eternity. Allah is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Him; they are the party of Allah; is it not indeed the party of Allah who are the prosperous ones? } Al-mujadilah 20-22
The Most High is informing about the Disbelievers [Kuffar], stubborn and opposed to Allah and His Messenger, that is, those who are on one edge while divine law is on another edge, that is, those who avoid the truth and antagonize it – they are on one side and guidance is on another side. { They are among the most miserable } : that is, wretched, excluded, cast out from what is right, most miserable in this world and the next. { Allah has decreed: “Surely I will overcome, me and my messengers” } : that is, He has prescribed and written in His foremost book, and it has been decreed by Him who can not be contradicted, resisted, or changed, that victory belongs to Him, His book, His Messenger, and His servants the Believers, in this world and the next. … { Even if they are their fathers } : this came down regarding Abu ‘Ubaida, who killed his father on the day of Badr; { or their sons } : regarding Al-Siddiq, who intended that day to kill his son ‘Abd Al-Rahman; { or their brothers } : regarding Mus’ab ibn ‘Umair, who killed his brother ‘Ubaid ibn ‘Umair on that day; { or their kinsfolk } : regarding ‘Umar, who killed a relative of his on that day as well, and regarding Hamza, ‘Ali, and ‘Ubaida ibn Al-Harith, who killed ‘Utba, Shayba, and Al-Walid ibn ‘Utba on that day. But Allah knows best. Something similar was when the Messenger of Allah consulted with the Muslims concerning the captives of Badr. Al-Siddiq advised that they should be ransomed, and that what was collected in exchange for them could be to strengthen the Muslims; the captives included cousins and kinsfolk, and perhaps Allah Most High would guide them. But ‘Umar said: I’m not thinking what he is thinking, oh Messenger of Allah – will you place So-and-so, a relative of ‘Umar’s, into my hands, so I can kill him? And give ‘Aqil to ‘Ali, and give So-and-so to So-and-so? Let Allah know that there is no affection in our hearts towards the Idolaters [Mushrikeen].
Tafsir Ibn Kathir