قرآن ﴿ إنما جزاء الذين يحاربون الله ورسوله ويسعون في الأرض فساداً أن يقتلوا أو يصلبوا أو تقطع أيديهم وأرجلهم من خلاف أو ينفوا من الأرض ذلك لهم خزي في الدنيا ولهم في الآخرة عذاب عظيم ﴾ المائدة ٣٣
ونزل في العرنيين لما قدموا المدينة وهم مرضى فأذن لهم النبي ﷺ أن يخرجوا إلى الابل ويشربوا من أبوالها والبانها فلما صحوا قتلوا راعي النبي ﷺ وإستاقوا الابل ﴿ إنما جزاء الذين يحاربون الله ورسوله ﴾ بمحاربة المسلمين ﴿ ويسعون في الأرض فساداً ﴾ بقطع الطريق ﴿ أن يقتّلوا أو يصلَّبوا أو تُقطَّع أيديهم وأرجلهم من خلاف ﴾ أي أيديهم اليمنى وأرجلهم اليسرى ﴿ أو يُنفوا من الأرض ﴾ أو لترتيب الأحوال فالقتل لمن قتل فقط والصلب لمن قتل وأخذ المال والقطع لمن أخذ ولم يقتل والنفي لمن أخاف فقط قاله إبن عباس وعليه الشافعي وأصح قوليه أن الصلب ثلاثاً بعد القتل وقيل قبله قليلاً ويلحق بالنفي أشبهه في التنكيل من الحبس وغيره ﴿ ذلك ﴾ الجزاء المذكور ﴿ لهم خزيٌ ﴾ ذلّ ﴿ في الدنيا ولهم في الآخرة عذاب عظيم ﴾ هو عذاب النار
تفسير الجلالين
{ Indeed the recompense of those who war against Allah and His Messenger, and who intend corruption in the land, is that they be slaughtered, or crucified, or their hands and feet cut off on opposite sides, or they be banished from the land; this is their disgrace in this world, and in the hereafter theirs is a great punishment } Al-ma'ida 33
This came down regarding the people from ‘Uraynah when they came to Medina, and they were sick, and the Prophet (SAW) gave them permission to go out to the camels and drink their urine and their milk. When they were back in good health, they killed the Prophet’s (SAW) herdsman and led the camels away. { Indeed the recompense of those who war against Allah and His Messenger } : by contending against the Muslims; { and who intend corruption in the land } : by impeding travel; { is that they be slaughtered, or crucified, or their hands and feet cut off on opposite sides } : that is, their right hands and their left feet; { or they be banished from the land } . The “or” is to arrange each situation: killing for those who have only killed, crucifiction for those who have killed and taken, dismemberment for those who have taken but have not killed, and banishment for those who are only cause for alarm. Ibn ‘Abbas said this, and Al-Shafi’i held the same view; the more correct of his two viewpoints is that crucifiction is to be three days after killing, although some have said shortly before it. Similar exemplary punishments are connected with banishment, such as imprisonment and otherwise. { This } : the stated recompense; { is their disgrace } : humiliation; { in this world, and in the hereafter theirs is a great punishment } : this being the punishment of fire.
Tafsir Al-Jalalain