To substantiate what invalidates the hajj, and the ruling on it if the hajj is invalidated: the first thing that invalidates the hajj is sex, albeit with the existence of certain conditions, the discussion of which falls into two sides, one of which attests that sex completely invalidates the hajj, and another which attests to certain conditions that are invalidating. The first side: evidence for this is what has been related from a group of the Companions, that they said regarding someone who has sex with his woman when both are in a state of ritual purity [ihram]: both continue in their ihram, and both must be given guidance; they set out to where they are headed and then separate, because the sex is at the completion of availing oneself of a companion of the residents, and it is at the end of the serious offence against ihram; it invalidates the ihram. However the conditions of its invalidating character are two; one of them is that the sex was in the vagina, such that if the sex were not in the vagina, or were a lustful touch, or embracing, or kissing, or intimacy, his hajj is not invalidated, due to a lack of him availing himself to extremes. However, atonement is imperative for him, whether he ejaculates or not, due to the presence of intentional enjoyment, in accordance with what we have substantiated regarding what has already been presented. And we have distinguished between touching and looking out of desire. And even if he has intercourse with an animal, his hajj is not invalidated, based on what we have said; and no atonement is due of him except if he ejaculates, since it is not out of intentional enjoyment, in contrast to sex in other than a vagina.